The human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction error

From the report

Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 04 November 2026; doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02471-1Single-neuron recordings provide direct evidence that the human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction errors during adaptive behavior. Its responses differed from those in the anterior cingulate cortex, which raises the possibility that these regions make distinct contributions to updating beliefs and guiding behavior in ever-changing environments.